Portland、 Seattle Duke It Out For World's Most Nature-Inspired Building
所謂『活建築』的標準，就是說這棟建築物需要自己生產所有的能量和水資源回收--建築體很難完全做到這兩項，這世界上只有三幢建築物可以稱為『活建築』。其中兩座在在太平洋西北部，爭奪全球第一永續建築的稱號。
自從摩天大樓發明後，在城市之間的空中戰場就是看誰可以蓋起最高的大樓來作為城市的能力象徵，現在美國的兩個最"綠色"的城市，正在進行一種全新的建築結構比賽，在過程中他們反轉了過時的的揮霍無度－被化石燃料浸泡的 20 世紀，而以基於人性化的設計和講求生態和諧的建築來作替代。
在一周之內在西雅圖和俄勒岡州的團體分別宣佈了他們正在建築世界上"最綠色"辦公大樓。這些結構體遠遠超越美國綠色建築委員會 LEED 黃金標準，而向上描準更加嚴格和審定決議的『活建築』標章。
『活建築』標準定義的特點是，忠於它的名稱。
建築物必須表現得像一個有機的生物體。它不再只是浪費資源、 非永續性的個體，而是一個完整的、 獨立的生態系統。一座活建築必須能夠自行生產自體建築所需的所有能源，並100%回收所使用的水資源。這兩個必要條件意味著需同時擁有水與能源極高效能，兩者兼具才能夠進階優異。
建築物必須表現得像一個有機的生物體。它不再只是浪費資源、 非永續性的個體，而是一個完整的、 獨立的生態系統。一座活建築必須能夠自行生產自體建築所需的所有能源，並100%回收所使用的水資源。這兩個必要條件意味著需同時擁有水與能源極高效能，兩者兼具才能夠進階優異。
到目前為止，全球只有三幢建築物已取得『活建築』認證，部分原因是因為結構體的性能，必須經過全年度審慎的衡量來證明他的貨真價實。因此，它將需要一段時間我們才能得知由什麼樣的測量方式和西雅圖或俄勒岡州哪一個才是"世界上最環保建築”的聚集地。
以下為兩個競爭者圖片：
西雅圖卡迪亞永續設計中心，六層樓高，包括 50000 平方英尺的可用空間。
俄勒岡州永續發展中心，將包括四個不同類型的太陽能電池板，將其嵌入可見光窗戶，同時還能夠產生電力。
What's perhaps most interesting about these buildings is that the their biomimetic properties mean that they have a great deal in common, despite having been designed independently of one another.
這些建築的最有意思的是，他們的仿生科技資產讓彼此有很多共同之處，儘管他們擁有各自獨立的設計團隊。
For example，you won't see many skyscrapers contending for Living Building status because the ratio of roof space to a building's interior volume affects whether or not it can be energy self-sufficient, especially if it's relying on solar panels. That's one reason why the Cascadia Center is only six stories tall， and the Oregon Sustainability Center just seven.
Just like biological organisms have their proportions limited by their environment, these buildings need to be relatively compact and close to cubical in shape. The structure with the lowest ratio of surface area to volume in nature is a sphere, after all.
例如，您不會看到那些摩天大樓來競爭『活建築』的標章，因為建築容積的屋頂空間的比例會影響能源是否能夠自給自足，尤其是如果能量的來源是依靠太陽能電池板。那是為什麼卡迪亞中心只有六層樓高，而俄勒岡州永續發展中心只有七層樓高的原因之一。
就像生物有機體的身體比例受其環境的限制，這些建築在外型上需要相當結實和接近立方體。
畢竟在大自然中，表面積與體積最低比的構造體是球體。
Both buildings use geothermal, ground-source heat pumps to accomplish a significant portion of their heating and cooling. This makes sense--unless both were built to a "passive house" standard, which is quite difficult with commercial buildings--there simply isn't any other way to keep their internal environments comfortable. In this way they resemble reptiles basking on warm or cool rocks to help maintain their internal temperature.
Rainwater catchment and an underground reservoir are also features of both buildings, and in this way they reproduce plants' capacity to store water.
這兩棟大樓均使用地熱，地源熱泵來完成建築體絕大部分的加熱及冷卻工作。這是有道理的 —除非他們是以"無活動力的房子"的標準去建造，否則就一座商業建築物來說持續保持其內部環境舒適性是相當困難的。以類似爬行動物曬太陽取暖或使用冷岩石的方式來保持他們內部的溫度。
雨水排放系統和地下蓄水池也是這兩座建築物的特色，他們也以繁殖植物的方式來儲存水資源。
The most important feature that these buildings have in common is their external climate. It's no mistake that Portland and Seattle are contending for the world's greenest buildings, because their temperate climates mean that locations in the Pacific Northwest are among the least expensive in the world to construct "net-zero energy" buildings that can produce all the electricity they need.
這些建築最重要的特色共同點也在於他們的外部氣候。沒錯，波特蘭和西雅圖爭奪世界上最環保的建築，因為他們位於在太平洋西北溫帶氣候得天獨厚的位置，讓他們得以建造"淨零能源"建築，以全球最便宜的方式生產他們所需的電力。
Indeed, a financial study conducted in 2009 by a team of architectural and building firms estimated that the price premium (versus a conventional building) for a mid-rise office Living Building is around 26 percent in a climate like that found in Portland, Oregon. But the same building would cost 32 to 40 percent more than a conventional building in an especially hot or cold climate like Phoenix or Boston.
事實上，由一群建築業所組成的金融研究團隊在 2009 年所進行的研究發現，（相對於一個傳統式建築） 的價格溢價，多層辦公生活大樓在波特蘭，俄勒岡州大約是 26%。在特別熱或過冷的氣候像是鳳凰城或波士頓，同一座建築成本比一個傳統式建築多出 32 到 40 個百分點。（參見成本比較表PDF of the cost comparison matrix here）。
Just like organisms, buildings that are energy and water self-sufficient have to gather and expend more energy when they live in harsh climates. The larger lesson of the Living Building challenge is one we've forgotten since the surfeit of fossil fuels made heating and air conditioning the norm: Some parts of the world are simply easier to live in than others.
[Images: Courtesty Cascadia Center for Sustainable Design and Oregon Sustainability Center]
[圖像：卡迪亞永續設計中心和俄勒岡州永續發展中心]
資料來源:FAST COMPANY
http://www.fastcompany.com/biomimicry/portland-seattle-duke-it-out-for-worlds-most-nature-inspired-building
引言來源:熱臉貼冷世界 廖桂賢個人部落格
The most important feature that these buildings have in common is their external climate. It's no mistake that Portland and Seattle are contending for the world's greenest buildings, because their temperate climates mean that locations in the Pacific Northwest are among the least expensive in the world to construct "net-zero energy" buildings that can produce all the electricity they need.
這些建築最重要的特色共同點也在於他們的外部氣候。沒錯，波特蘭和西雅圖爭奪世界上最環保的建築，因為他們位於在太平洋西北溫帶氣候得天獨厚的位置，讓他們得以建造"淨零能源"建築，以全球最便宜的方式生產他們所需的電力。
Indeed, a financial study conducted in 2009 by a team of architectural and building firms estimated that the price premium (versus a conventional building) for a mid-rise office Living Building is around 26 percent in a climate like that found in Portland, Oregon. But the same building would cost 32 to 40 percent more than a conventional building in an especially hot or cold climate like Phoenix or Boston.
事實上，由一群建築業所組成的金融研究團隊在 2009 年所進行的研究發現，（相對於一個傳統式建築） 的價格溢價，多層辦公生活大樓在波特蘭，俄勒岡州大約是 26%。在特別熱或過冷的氣候像是鳳凰城或波士頓，同一座建築成本比一個傳統式建築多出 32 到 40 個百分點。（參見成本比較表PDF of the cost comparison matrix here）。
Just like organisms, buildings that are energy and water self-sufficient have to gather and expend more energy when they live in harsh climates. The larger lesson of the Living Building challenge is one we've forgotten since the surfeit of fossil fuels made heating and air conditioning the norm: Some parts of the world are simply easier to live in than others.
[Images: Courtesty Cascadia Center for Sustainable Design and Oregon Sustainability Center]
[圖像：卡迪亞永續設計中心和俄勒岡州永續發展中心]
資料來源:FAST COMPANY
http://www.fastcompany.com/biomimicry/portland-seattle-duke-it-out-for-worlds-most-nature-inspired-building
引言來源:熱臉貼冷世界 廖桂賢個人部落格
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